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9th Semester Integrated BBA LL.B (Hons) - Law Of Carriages - Notes, Question Papers and Syllabus

November 21, 2025 ,

Law Of Carriages

Unit I

Common Carriers – Carriers Act, 1871 – Public Carriers – Distinction Between Public And Private Carriers – Common Law Liability Of Carriers – Exemption From Liability.

Unit II

Carriage By Road – International Convention For Carriage Of Goods By Road – CMR Convention, 1982 – Indian Carriers Act.

Unit III

Carriage By Rail – Railways Act – Liability Of Railway Company For Loss Of Goods – Exemptions From Liability – Railway Claims Tribunal – Role Of Consumer Courts.

Unit IV

Carriage By Air – Athens Convention, 1972 – Related Protocols – Carriage By Air Act – Compulsory Documents Of Carriage – Airway Bill – Liability Of Airlines – Limitation Of Liability.

Unit V

Carriage By Sea – Contracts Of Affreightment – Charter Party And Bill Of Lading – Hague Rules – Hague-Visby Rules – Hamburg Rules – Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act, 1925 (Repealed And Replaced In 2025) – Multimodal Transportation Of Goods Act, 1993.

Suggested Readings

  1. Avtar Singh – Law Of Carriages, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow (2006)

  2. Hardy Ivamy – Introduction To Carriage Of Goods By Sea, Sweet & Maxwell, London (2003)

  3. Scrutton – Bills Of Lading And Charter Parties, Stevenson & Sons, London (2007)